Glutathione metabolism in the prefrontal brain of adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: an MRS study

Table 3 Neurometabolic results for both analyzed regions (in mM)

	Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex		MANCOVA without covariates (Wilks’ lambda test p = 0.429)	MANCOVA with covariates^a (Wilks’ lambda test p = 0.564)	Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex		MANCOVA without covariates (Wilks’ lambda test p = 0.288)	MANCOVA with covariates^a (Wilks’ lambda test p = 0.262)
	ASD (n = 24)	Controls (n = 18)			ASD (n = 24)	Controls (n = 18)
GSH	1.7939	1.9810	p = 0.076	p = 0.147	1.6017	1.6247	p = 0.706	p = 0.655
GSH	0.37068	0.26364	p = 0.076	p = 0.147	0.18921	0.19985	p = 0.706	p = 0.655
Cre	7.4948	7.9657	p = 0.048	p = 0.082	6.9109	6.6330	p = 0.013	p = 0.020
Cre	0.91646	0.39453	p = 0.048	p = 0.082	0.33509	0.35355	p = 0.013	p = 0.020
t-Cho	1.8900	1.9926	p = 0.213	p = 0.200	1.8507	1.8289	p = 0.757	p = 0.984
t-Cho	0.27320	0.24132	p = 0.213	p = 0.200	0.18029	0.27268	p = 0.757	p = 0.984
Glx	11.7396	12.5834	p = 0.142	p = 0.272	9.4585	9.2360	p = 0.396	p = 0.094
Glx	2.14178	1.21151	p = 0.142	p = 0.272	0.97482	0.58407	p = 0.396	p = 0.094
NAA	8.1840	8.8939	p = 0.168	p = 0.319	8.8931	8.7972	p = 0.661	p = 0.423
NAA	1.82291	1.29632	p = 0.168	p = 0.319	0.75962	0.59745	p = 0.661	p = 0.423
mI	5.8211	6.3095	p = 0.018	p = 0.036	5.0549	4.9064	p = 0.344	p = 0.456
mI	0.73532	0.46517	p = 0.018	p = 0.036	0.50464	0.48836	p = 0.344	p = 0.456

ASD autism spectrum disorder, MANCOVA multivariate analysis of covariance, p p value to test for differences between groups, GSH glutathione, Cre creatine, t-Cho phosphorylcholine + glycerylphosphorylcholine, Glx glutamate + glutamine, NAA N-acetylaspartate, mI, myo-inositol
^aAge, intelligence quotient, and nicotine consumption

ISSN: 2040-2392