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Table 2 Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects analyzed in this study

From: Blood–brain barrier and intestinal epithelial barrier alterations in autism spectrum disorders

Cortex and CBL

MBC #

Age

Race

Sex

Diagnosis

PMI

Cause of death

Additional clinical information

585

42

AA

M

SCZ

16

Pulmonary embolism

Tox (at death): doxepin

612

45

W

M

SCZ

24

Suicide, doxepin intoxication

N/A

628

59

W

M

SCZ

13

Pulmonary thromboembolia

Tox (at death): ETOH, diphenhydramine

664

53

W

M

SCZ

11

ASCVD

Tox (at death): olanzapine

705

47

W

M

SCZ

16

Deep vein thrombosis

N/A

737

55

W

M

SCZ

12

ASCVD

N/A

741

40

W

M

SCZ

14

Motor vehicle accident

Tox (at death): cocaine

751

28

W

M

SCZ

34

Suicide, GSW to chest

Tox (at death): olanzapine

783

53

W

M

SCZ

19

Manner undetermined

N/A

831

53

W

M

SCZ

14

ASCVD

N/A

4334

11

H

M

ASD

27

Acute hemorrhagic tracheobronchitis

History of epilepsy. Brain edema, acute, mild. Otherwise normal brain

4999

20

W

M

ASD

14

Cardiac arrythmia

PDD, autism, and severe mental retardation. Naltrexone

5027

37

AA

M

ASD

26

Obstruction of bowel due to adhesion

Risperdal and Luvox

5115

46

W

M

ASD

29

Complications of pseudomyxoma peritonei

Adult brain with moderate atherosclerosis

5144

7

W

M

ASD

3

Cancer, complication of

Rhabdomyosarcoma

5176

22

AA

M

ASD

18

Subdural hemorrhage

Risperdal

5308

4

W

M

ASD

21

Skull fractures

Struck by a car. Multifocal subarachnoid hemorrhage

5403

16

W

M

ASD

35

Cardiac arrhythmia

Developmental delays. GI evaluations

1464

42

W

M

Control

19

Pulmonary embolism

Chest and abdominal pain, pale, and diaphoretic

1829

25

W

M

Control

21

Electrocution

N/A

1831

44

W

M

Control

17

CO2 inhalation complicating ASCVD

History of hypertension. Complained of headaches

1936

46

W

M

Control

13

ASCVD

History of HBP. Had been experiencing chest pain

5024

56

W

M

Control

10

ASCVD; diabetes mellitus

Smoker, no drinking of ETOH. History of prescription drug abuse. On insulin, metformin, oxycodone, Levaquin, and Lyrica

5185

21

W

M

Control

26

Car accident

Drink ETOH prior to death

5189

40

W

M

Control

14

Cardiac arrhythmia complicated by drowning

Severe stomach pains, chest palpitations, and nausea

5276

22

W

M

Control

18

Heroin intoxication

Asthma and drug abuse; smoker

5237

52

W

M

Control

13

HASCVD

ETOH and cocaine abuse. Clean for 30 days and not feeling well

5349

24

W

M

Control

16

Combined drug intoxication

Drug use

5553

54

W

M

Control

17

Hypertensive atherosclerosis heart disease

History of HTN and daily ETOH intake

5615

50

W

M

Control

19

N/A

N/A

4337

8

AA

M

Control

16

Blunt force neck injury. Car accident

Asthma. Brain petechiae, fresh

4670

4

W

M

Control

17

Commotio cordis (struck by a ball in the sternum)

N/A

5334

12

H

M

Control

15

Hanging/suicide

N/A

Duodenum (biopsies)

Study #

Age

Race

Sex

Diagnosis

GI symptoms

Additional clinical information

GBA #2

8

W

M

ASD

Non-apparent

Food allergies, GFCF diet, probiotics

GBA #3

11

W

M

ASD

GERD, vomiting, bloating

Asperger’s. No milk diet

GBA #6

19

W

M

ASD

Regurgitation after each meal, constipation

History of aggressive behaviors

GBA #7

21

W

F

ASD

GERD, erosive esophagitis, IBS, severe constipation, occasional diarrhea

GFCF diet

GBA #10

9

W

M

ASD

EoE, GERD, constipation, vomiting

Asthma, somewhat loose stools. Dairy-free diet

GBA #12

6

AA

M

ASD

Non-apparent

Eats only pureed food

GBA #13

5

AA

M

ASD

Severe constipation, GERD, abdominal pain, runny stools

Asthma, food allergies

GBA #14

3

W

M

ASD

Chronic constipation

History of obesity, restricted diet (yogurt, milk, juice)

GBA #15

11

W

F

ASD

GERD, constipation

Macrocephaly, sleep disorder

GBA #16

6

W

M

ASD

Gastroesophageal reflux, constipation

Food and seasonal allergies, asthma

GBA #18

16

W

F

ASD

Constipation, abdominal pain, heartburn, regurgitation

Acute mono, weight loss

GBA #20

6

AA

F

ASD

GERD with esophagitis, constipation

ADHD, asthma. Vegetarian

GBA #5

10

HL

M

HC

Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, sometimes diarrhea

Lactose-free diet

GBA #8

16

W

F

HC

Constipation, abdominal pain, burping, bloating

GFCG diet, some FODMAP diet

GBA #9

16

W

F

HC

Dysphagia, abdominal pain, regurgitation

 

GBA #11

15

W

F

HC

Abdominal pain, GERD

Seasonal allergies, lactose intolerance, dairy-free and nut-free diet, ADHD, obesity

GBA #17

21

W

F

HC

Nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, GERD. Abdominal pain

Previous duodenitis and gastritis, hepatic adenoma

GBA #19

6.5

N/A

M

HC

GERD, constipation

Hydronephrosis, nephrocalcinosis, clubfoot, seasonal allergies, asthma

GBA #21

15

W

M

HC

Dysphagia, esophagitis

Asthma

GBA #23

15

W

M

HC

Abdominal pain, IBS-like constipation

N/A

GBA #24

4

W

M

HC

Reflux

History of constipation. Dairy-free diet

  1. W white, AA African-American, HL Hispanic-Latino, M male, F female, HC healthy control, ASD autism spectrum disorder, GBA gut–brain axis study; GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease, GFCF gluten-free casein-free, PMI postmortem interval, ADD/ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ASCVD atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, HASCVD hypertensive arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease, PDD/PDD-NOS pervasive developmental disorder/not otherwise specified, OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder