| NAC | Placebo |  |  |  | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Baseline | 12 Weeks | Baseline | 12 Weeks |  | Group with largest changeb | Cohen’s d | ||||
 | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | z testa | ||
ABC | |||||||||||
Hyperactivity | 20.6 | 12.4 | 17.4 | 16.4 | 22.6 | 10.5 | 15.1 | 10.8 | 1.04 | PLB | 0.34 |
Speech | 3.9 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 5.14 | 3.5 | 0.66 | PLB | 0.24 |
Irritability | 17.0 | 11.8 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 18.3 | 9.2 | 12.0 | 7.3 | 1.09 | PLB | 0.40 |
Lethargy | 13.8 | 8.1 | 10.0 | 7.1 | 14.0 | 10.5 | 7.9 | 4.7 | 1.15 | PLB | 0.31 |
Stereotypy | 4.8 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 7.0 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 4.0 | 0.56 | PLB | 0.09 |
SRS | |||||||||||
Total score | 108.5 | 20.7 | 85.8 | 34.9 | 109.1 | 16.5 | 89.1 | 26.3 | 0.32 | NAC | 0.11 |
VABS-II | |||||||||||
Comm | 85.9 | 32.1 | 88.5 | 32.5 | 89.4 | 32.2 | 95.0 | 30.3 | 0.85 | PLB | 0.09 |
Daily Liv. Sk. | 93.1 | 33.7 | 99.0 | 37.1 | 87.6 | 28.1 | 98.6 | 33.4 | 0.17 | PLB | 0.16 |
Socialization | 66.8 | 18.8 | 71.7 | 18.7 | 68.3 | 20.7 | 75.9 | 21.0 | 0.87 | PLB | 0.14 |
Composite | 61.3 | 19.4 | 62.9 | 17.1 | 53.6 | 15.1 | 60.5 | 18.8 | 1.08 | PLB | 0.30 |
Levels in whole blood (uM) | |||||||||||
GSH | 484.8 | 212.7 | 780.3 | 220.6 | 474.5 | 191.6 | 640.4 | 190.9 | 1.74* | NAC | 0.64 |
GSSG | 12.0 | 2.5 | 16.7 | 10.5 | 12.8 | 5.0 | 12.5 | 4.4 | 1.37+ | NAC | 0.88 |
GSH/GSSG | 43.4 | 25.6 | 53.5 | 16.8 | 45.2 | 31.8 | 59.6 | 27.0 | 0.34 | PLB | 0.17 |
Homocysteine | 4.3 | 6.1 | 9.9 | 13.7 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 5.6 | 6.8 | 0.41 | NAC | 0.27 |
DNA damage | |||||||||||
DNA strand breakage | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.38 | EVEN | 0.00 |
Oxidative DNA damage | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.95 | NAC | 0.45 |