Fig. 5

Brinp1 knock-out mice exhibit hyperactivity and altered exploratory behaviour. a Increased locomotor activity of Brinp1 ^−/− mice in a 30 min trial in a locomotor cell, shown as a representative data trace for male WT and Brinp1 ^−/− litter mates. b Increased velocity of Brinp1 ^−/− mice in the locomotor cell; female: F(1,8) = 27.00, p < 0.001, male: F(1,8) = 8.25, p = 0.021, repeat measures two-way ANOVA. c Increased exploratory behaviour of Brinp1 ^−/− mice in a locomotor cell, shown as increased time in the centre and reduced time in marginal areas; female: t(8) = 2.919, p = 0.0193, male: t(8)=5.043, p = 0.0054, unpaired Student’s t tests. d Brinp1 ^−/− mice showed increased stereotypic episodes in the locomotor cells; female: t(8) = 3.414, p = 0.0092, male: t(8) = 3.772, p < 0.0001, unpaired Student’s t tests. e Brinp1 ^−/− mice exhibited increased rearing behaviour, measured as number of vertical plane (VP) entries; female: t(8) = 2.630, p = 0.0302, male: t(8) = 2.662, p = 0.0287. f Elevated plus maze: male Brinp1 ^−/− mice spent more time in the open arms relative to the closed arms of the maze, indicating reduced anxiety. Analysis by repeat measures ANOVA shows a genotype × arm interaction for male mice: F(2,20) = 3.525, p = 0.49. Female genotype × arm interaction: F(2,20) = 1.417, p = 0.266. g Brinp1 ^−/− mice self-directed behaviour: Brinp1 ^−/− mice were observed for self-directed behaviour in a test plexiglass cage lined with sawdust for 20 min. Male Brinp1 ^−/− mice showed a decrease in time digging: t(8) = 5.765, p = 0.0004, whilst female Brinp1 ^−/− mice exhibited decreased grooming duration t(8) = 3.977, p = 0.0041, unpaired Student’s t tests. h WT and Brinp1 ^−/− mice locomotor activity following injection of MPH/saline in the locomotor cell. An acute IP injection of 2.5 mg/kg of MPH increased locomotor activity for both WT and Brinp1 ^−/− mice, N = 10 WT MPH, 10 Brinp1 ^−/− MPH, 10 WT saline, 10 Brinp1 ^−/− saline. Repeat measures two-way ANOVA analysis, performed on number of distance travelled post injection (20 min+) revealed an effect of genotype; female: F(1,16) = 22.427, p < 0.001, male: F(1,16) = 19.922, p < 0.001, and an effect of 2.5 mg/kg drug treatment; female: F(1,16) = 13.962, p = 0.002, male F(1,16) = 19.239, p < 0.001, whereby administration of MPH resulted in a significant increase in distance travelled for both WT and Brinp1 ^−/− mice of both sexes. i A dose of 2.5 mg/kg MPH did not significantly alter the number of rearing episodes of Brinp1 ^−/− mice post drug administration; female: F(3,16) = 0.5698, p = 0.3961, male: F(3, 16) = 0.1351, p = 0.2403, one-way ANOVA. N = 5 female, 5 male mice per genotype for locomotor cell (A-E) and digging/grooming (G) experiments. N = 6 female, 6 male mice per genotype for EPM experiment (F). *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001,****P<0.0001