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Fig. 4 | Molecular Autism

Fig. 4

From: Brinp1 −/− mice exhibit autism-like behaviour, altered memory, hyperactivity and increased parvalbumin-positive cortical interneuron density

Fig. 4

Altered social interaction and vocalisation of Brinp1 −/− knock-out mice. a Habituation trial of the three-chamber social interaction test, showing interaction time between empty cages. A significant effect of genotype was observed by one-way ANOVA for male Brinp1 −/− mice only. Female: F(3,19) = 1.482, p = 0.257, male: F(3,19) = 3.428, p = 0.029. b Brinp1 −/− mice show reduced interaction time with a sex-matched novel mouse. A significant effect of genotype was observed by one-way ANOVA; female: F(3,19) = 7.542, p = 0.002, male: F(3,19) = 15.07, p < 0.0001. A Tukey HSD post hoc test showed significant differences between the intruder mouse and empty cage for WT but not Brinp1 −/− mice. Female: WT empty – WT stranger: p = 0.004, Brinp1 −/− empty – Brinp1 −/− stranger: p = 0.199, WT empty – Brinp1 −/− empty: p = 0.996, WT stranger – Brinp1 −/− stranger: p = 0.304, WT empty – Brinp1 −/− stranger: p = 0.136, WT stranger – Brinp1 −/− empty: p = 0.006. Male: WT empty – WT stranger: p < 0.001, Brinp1 −/− empty – Brinp1 −/− stranger: p = 0.528, WT empty – Brinp1 −/− empty: p = 0.910, WT stranger – Brinp1 −/− stranger: p = 0.01, WT empty – Brinp1 −/− stranger: p = 0.887, WT stranger – Brinp1 −/− empty: p < 0.001. c Brinp1 −/− mice exhibited hyperactivity in both trials of three-chamber social interaction test; female: F(1,8) = 55.69, p < 0.001, male: F(1,8) = 41.08, p < 0.001, repeat measures two-way ANOVA. d Ultrasonic vocalisation (USV) of adult male mice: Number of calls, divided into 1 min bins, F(1,17) = 1.693, p = 0.21, repeat measures two-way ANOVA. e Latency of male Brinp1 −/− mice to investigate cotton bud (nose <1 cm from bud), t(17) = 1.835, p = 0.084, and latency to call t(17) = 0.9709, p = 0.3452, unpaired Student’s t tests. f Peak call frequency of USVs from male Brinp1 −/− mice, divided into 1 min bins. No significant effect of genotype was observed: F(1,17) = 3.39, p = 0.089, repeat measures two-way ANOVA. g Male Brinp1 −/− mice emit shorter USV calls. Call duration data was divided into 1 min bins. F(1,17) = 8.17, p = 0.014, repeat measures ANOVA. h Pie chart showing distribution of call types of male Brinp1 −/− mice. For designation of call-type categories, refer to Scattoni et al. [42]. Unidentified calls (11.7 % WT, 11.3 % Brinp1 −/−) were excluded. i Representative spectrogram of first calls from a WT and a male Brinp1 −/− mouse. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 ****p < 0.0001. N = 6 females, 6 males per genotype for sociability experiment (A-C). N = 10 WT, 9 Brinp1-/- male mice for USV experiment (D-I). All data represented as the mean ± SD

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