Variable (ml)
|
Subject group, mean ± std
|
ANOVA
|
---|
|
ASD (n = 76)
|
C (n = 76)
|
ASD vs. C
|
F
|
p
|
GM (ml)
|
662 ± 67
|
629 ± 80
|
7.39
|
0.007
|
WM (ml)
|
424 ± 47
|
400 ± 55
|
8.84
|
0.003
|
CSF (ml)
|
225 ± 25
|
218 ± 34
|
2.41
|
0.123
|
TIV
|
1310 ± 130
|
1250 ± 160
|
7.18
|
0.008
|
|
ASDm (n = 38)
|
ASDf (n = 38)
|
Cm (n = 38)
|
Cf (n = 38)
|
ASDm vs. Cm
|
ASDf vs. Cf
|
F
|
p
|
F
|
p
|
GM (ml)
|
699 ± 62
|
625 ± 48
|
664 ± 83
|
594 ± 60
|
4.25
|
0.043
|
5.90
|
0.018
|
WM (ml)
|
449 ± 43
|
400 ± 38
|
422 ± 56
|
376 ± 44
|
5.38
|
0.023
|
5.93
|
0.017
|
CSF (ml)
|
238 ± 25
|
212 ± 17
|
232 ± 38
|
203 ± 19
|
0.52
|
0.470
|
5.08
|
0.027
|
TIV (ml)
|
1390 ± 120
|
1240 ± 100
|
1320 ± 170
|
1170 ± 120
|
3.90
|
0.052
|
6.13
|
0.016
|
|
ASD-DDm (n = 19)
|
ASD-noDDm (n = 19)
|
ASD-DDf (n = 19)
|
ASD-noDDf (n = 19)
|
C-DDm (n = 19)
|
C-no-DDm (n = 19)
|
C-DDf (n = 19)
|
C-no-DDf (n = 19)
|
ASD-DDm vs. C-DDm
|
ASD-noDDm vs. C-noDDm
|
ASD-DDf vs. C-DDf
|
ASD-noDDf vs. C-noDDf
|
F
|
p
|
F
|
p
|
F
|
p
|
F
|
p
|
GM (ml)
|
702 ± 85
|
696 ± 65
|
616 ± 59
|
633 ± 35
|
661 ± 85
|
668 ± 83
|
584 ± 53
|
605 ± 66
|
2.98
|
0.09
|
1.34
|
0.255
|
3.21
|
0.081
|
2.73
|
0.107
|
WM (ml)
|
453 ± 44
|
445 ± 43
|
393 ± 44
|
406 ± 31
|
424 ± 62
|
421 ± 51
|
369 ± 41
|
384 ± 47
|
2.72
|
0.108
|
2.55
|
0.119
|
3.04
|
0.090
|
2.90
|
0.097
|
CSF (ml)
|
238 ± 31
|
238 ± 28
|
211 ± 20
|
213 ± 13
|
228 ± 31
|
236 ± 44
|
200 ± 16
|
206 ± 22
|
1.13
|
0.294
|
0.01
|
0.906
|
3.54
|
0.068
|
1.65
|
0.207
|
TIV (ml)
|
1390 ± 210
|
1380 ± 130
|
1220 ± 120
|
1250 ± 70
|
1310 ± 170
|
1330 ± 170
|
1150 ± 110
|
1200 ± 130
|
2.71
|
0.109
|
1.24
|
0.272
|
3.37
|
0.075
|
2.78
|
0.104
|
-
Abbreviations: ASD autism spectrum disorder, C controls, ASDm ASD males, Cm control males, ASDf ASD females, Cf control females, ASD-DDm ASD males with developmental delay, C-DDm control males with developmental delay, ASD-noDDm ASD males without developmental delay, C-noDDm control males without developmental delay, ASD-DDf ASD females with developmental delay, C-DDf control females with developmental delay, ASD-noDDf ASD females without developmental delay, C-noDDf control females without developmental delay, GM grey matter, WM white matter, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, TIV total intracranial volume, std standard deviation