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Fig. 2 | Molecular Autism

Fig. 2

From: Profiling olfactory stem cells from living patients identifies miRNAs relevant for autism pathophysiology

Fig. 2

miRNAs directly regulate neuronal relevant genes. a Gene ontology enrichment of predicted miRNA targets by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA). About 1000 genes were predicted to be regulated by each miRNA by at least three different prediction programs and were included in the analyses. Only the top 5 enriched pathways are shown. P values were calculated by Fisher’s exact test; red line represents correction threshold by Bonferroni Correction. b Mean expression (±SD) of known (in bold) and predicted targets of miRNAs in ASD (n = 9, light gray bar) and control OMSCs (n = 8, dark gray bar). Gene expression was measured using relative standard curve method, normalized against GPBP1 as reference gene. Results shown represent one of two independent repeats showing the same results. c Western blot showing down regulation of KCNK2 in ASD (n = 3) with respect to control OMSCs (n = 3). ACTB was used as loading control. Bottom panel displays densitometry of the bands using two images taken at low exposures. *P < 0.05 by Student’s paired two-tailed t test. d The 3′UTRs of GRIA3, KCNK2, and MAP2 are targeted by miRNAs. The 3′UTRs of GRIA3, KCNK2, and MAP2 were subcloned into the 3′UTR of Renilla luciferase in the psiCheck2 plasmid and co-transfected into HEK293T with either plasmid overexpressing miR-146a, miR-221, and miR-656 or empty plasmid. Ratio of Renilla/firefly luciferase (±SD) indicates the repression activity of miRNAs directly on the 3′UTR. Results are represented from one repeat of two showing the same results. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by Student’s paired two-tailed t test

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