Sex differences in the corpus callosum in preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder

Table 2 Estimated diagnosis and sex differences across cortical projection zone subregions

	Diagnosis differences by sex				Sex difference by diagnosis
	Males: ASD vs. TD		Females: ASD vs. TD		ASD: males vs. females		TD: males vs. females
	Estimate (SE)	P value	Estimate (SE)	P value	Estimate (SE)	P value	Estimate (SE)	P value
Subdivision
Orbitofrontal	−6.98 (2.93)	0.02	1.04 (4.67)	0.82	−8.66 (3.84)	0.02	−0.64 (4.05)	0.88
Anterior frontal	8.17 (4.81)	0.09	−20.45 (7.81)	0.01	16.77 (6.37)	0.01	−11.85 (6.67)	0.08
Lateral frontal	−3.18 (5.28)	0.55	8.24 (7.97)	0.30	−11.23 (6.58)	0.09	0.18 (6.70)	0.98
Superior frontal	−7.92 (4.36)	0.07	−17.49 (7.02)	0.01	1.40 (5.73)	0.81	−8.17 (6.02)	0.18
Superior parietal	−2.92 (3.81)	0.44	−6.91 (6.09)	0.26	−5.11 (4.99)	0.31	−9.10 (5.25)	0.08
Posterior parietal	5.47 (4.49)	0.22	−13.34 (7.23)	0.07	15.75 (5.90)	0.01	−3.06 (6.20)	0.62
Temporal	−4.06 (3.70)	0.27	1.89 (6.02)	0.75	−5.69 (4.92)	0.26	0.27 (5.15)	0.96
Occipital	−2.30 (3.01)	0.44	−5.73 (4.80)	0.23	−2.66 (3.95)	0.50	−6.09 (4.16)	0.14

Parameter estimates and standard errors are from the mixed-effects models assessing the relationship of diagnostic group, age, cortical projection zone subregions, and sex with diffusion measures. The reported models included fixed effects for diagnosis, sex, age, scanner upgrade, TCV, subregion, the three-way interaction between subregion, sex, and diagnosis, as well as all two-way interactions involving subregion, sex, and diagnosis, and the two-way interaction between age and subregion. Random effects for person and region were included to account for the repeated measures. Models also included and tested the rest of the two-way interactions involving age, sex, and diagnosis, but none were significant and were not retained in the reported model.

ISSN: 2040-2392