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Table 2 Generalized additive mixed-effects models examining group and age-related changes in DTI metrics

From: Atypical development of white matter microstructure of the corpus callosum in males with autism: a longitudinal investigation

Longitudinal DTI changes

 
 

Group

Age spline

Age X group spline

 
 

Mean

Estimate a

P -value

EDF

F

P -value

EDF

F

P -value

ICC

Genu FA

ASD and TDC

0.62

−3.12%

0.048

3.45

3.99

0.006

4.67

2.25

0.05

89.7%

ASD

0.61

-

-

4.31

2.11

0.075

-

-

-

 

TDC

0.63

-

-

5.26

5.02

0.0002

-

-

-

 

Body FA

ASD and TDC

0.61

−2.40%

0.001

3.99

8.95

****

6.33

2.41

0.02

88.3%

ASD

0.61

-

-

6.59

3.46

0.002

-

-

-

 

TDC

0.62

-

-

4.25

15.64

****

-

-

-

 

Splenium FA

ASD and TDC

0.69

−2.27%

0.04

5.91

9.66

****

1.00

0.19

0.66

81.1%

ASD

0.69

-

-

6.65

6.89

****

-

-

-

 

TDC

0.7

-

-

3.67

11.54

****

-

-

-

 

Genu MD

ASD and TDC

0.76

1.63%

0.46

3.60

8.06

****

1.00

0.07

0.78

85.9%

ASD

0.76

-

-

3.04

5.20

0.002

-

-

-

 

TDC

0.75

-

-

4.87

7.06

****

-

-

-

 

Body MD

ASD and TDC

0.79

1.90%

0.23

3.49

6.39

0.0002

1.30

0.06

0.86

82.4%

ASD

0.79

-

-

3.57

6.39

0.0002

-

-

-

 

TDC

0.78

-

-

3.06

12.13

****

-

-

-

 

Splenium MD

ASD and TDC

0.77

1.89%

0.001

1.81

0.53

0.57

4.63

5.62

****

83.0%

ASD

0.78

-

-

4.58

8.25

****

-

-

-

 

TDC

0.76

-

-

2.96

1.63

0.18

-

-

-

 

Genu RD

ASD and TDC

0.37

5.89%

0.23

3.52

3.91

0.006

3.38

1.50

0.21

87.8%

ASD

0.38

-

-

3.80

2.75

0.03

-

-

-

 

TDC

0.36

-

-

4.87

5.89

0.00007

-

-

-

 

Body RD

ASD and TDC

0.4

5.33%

0.08

3.89

7.46

0.00001

4.93

1.47

0.20

91.7%

ASD

0.4

-

-

5.05

4.11

0.001

-

-

-

 

TDC

0.38

-

-

4.00

15.00

****

-

-

-

 

Splenium RD

ASD and TDC

0.32

7.54%

0.01

4.72

7.92

****

1.00

0.70

0.40

86.6%

ASD

0.33

-

-

5.89

5.55

****

-

-

-

 

TDC

0.31

-

-

3.34

8.66

****

-

-

-

 

Genu AD

ASD and TDC

1.38

−0.28%

0.60

3.99

5.53

0.0002

1.00

0.06

0.81

85.9%

ASD

1.38

-

-

3.10

6.10

0.0004

-

-

-

 

TDC

1.39

-

-

1.87

8.58

0.0005

-

-

-

 

Body AD

 

1.48

−0.005%

0.08

1.00

4.22

0.04

2.19

2.01

0.13

56.6%

 

1.48

-

-

1.93

9.72

0.0001

-

-

-

 
 

1.48

-

-

2.66

3.25

0.03

-

-

-

 

Splenium AD

 

1.55

0.35%

0.03

1.67

0.37

0.65

3.55

1.87

0.12

80.0%

 

1.55

-

-

3.47

2.64

0.04

-

-

-

 
 

1.54

-

-

3.70

1.64

0.17

-

-

-

 
  1. aFor the parametric group differences, the estimate is reported as the percent deviation in the ASD group compared to the TDC group with the corresponding P-value. For the age spline and the age-by-group splines, the estimated degrees of freedom (EDF), F-value, and P-values are reported. ****P-value <0.00005. AD, axial diffusivity; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; EDF, estimated degrees of freedom to assess smooth spline complexity; ICC, intra-class correlation coefficient; FA, fractional anisotropy; MD, mean diffusivity; RD, radial diffusivity; TDC, typically developing controls.
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Molecular Autism

ISSN: 2040-2392