Table 3 Clinical and behavioral characteristics of autism spectrum disorder facial subgroups
Characteristics | Subgroup 1 n= 12 (18.8%) | P value | Subgroup 2 n= 5 (7.8%) | P value | Remainder n= 47 (73.4%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diagnosis | |||||
   Autistic disorder | ↑75% | ns | ↓20% | ns | 62% |
   Asperger syndrome | ↓8% | 0.05* | ↑60% | 0.05* | 32% |
   PDD-NOS | 17% | ns | 20% | ns | 6% |
Autism course | |||||
   Regression | ↑58% | 0.03* | ↓20% | ns | 25% |
Autism severity | |||||
   SCQ lifetime, mean (SD) | ↑25.3 (3.2) | 0.03*, 0.05** | ↓17.7 (9.2) | 0.03*** | 20.5 (7.6) |
   SCQ <15 | ↓0% | ns | ↑50% | ns | 24% |
IQ scores | |||||
   FSIQ, mean (SD) | 78.4 (26.9) | ns | 96 (36.2) | ns | 87.9 (20.5) |
   FSIQ, range | 36 to 113 | ns | 38 to 127 | ns | 31 to 130 |
   FSIQ <70 | 50% | 0.002** | ↓20% | ns | 15% |
   FSIQ ≥70 | 50% | ns | 80% | ns | 85% |
   VIQ, mean (SD) | 78.4 (26.9) | ns | 87.4 (39.2) | ns | 87.5 (24.6) |
   VIQ, range | 13 to 122 | ns | 23 to 121 | ns | 28 to 138 |
   VIQ <70 | 42% | ns | 20% | ns | 24% |
   VIQ ≥70 | 58% | ns | 80% | ns | 76% |
   NVIQ, mean (SD) | 79.2 (28.6) | ns | ↑101.6 (31.0) | ns | 90.3 (18.5) |
   NVIQ range | 34 to 119 | ns | 53 to 121 | ns | 33 to 129 |
   NVIQ <70 | ↑45% | 0.02** | ↑20% | ns | 12% |
   NVIQ ≥70 | 55% | ns | ↑80% | ns | 88% |
Language | |||||
   Mean age at first word month (SD) | 15 (6.1) | ns | ↓11.4 (4.3) | ns | 18.6 (11.0) |
   Mean age at first phrase month (SD) | 40 (31.5) | ns | 23.2 (18.2) | ns | 32.8 (16.5) |
Behaviors | |||||
   CBCL total problems t-score ≥65 | ↓10% | 0.01** | 25% | ns | 55% |
Physical | |||||
   Macrocephaly | ↓17% | 0.02* | ↑80% | 0.02*, 0.02** | 23% |
Medical | |||||
   GI problems | 33% | ns | ↑80% | ns | 36% |
Neurological | |||||
   Seizures | 33% | 0.07** | 0% | ns | 11% |
   Infant feeding problems | 8% | 0.01** | ↑40% | ns | 51% |
Family history | |||||
   SRS mother, mean (SD) | ↑43 (21.4) | 0.02** | 25 (10.7) | ns | 26.2 (20.4) |