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Table 1 Chi-square tests of independence in the female amniotic fluid for testosterone

From: Developmental vitamin D deficiency increases foetal exposure to testosterone

Female amniotic fluid testosterone

Detectable levels

Undetectable levels

Sample size

Chi-square tests of independence

n

n

N

Control

41

51

92

X2 (1) = 6.59

DVD-deficient

56

32

88

p < 0.008

  1. In female amniotic fluid, testosterone levels were very low with many 0 values in the control sample. Therefore data were analysed non-continuously via Chi-squared test. n = 92 control females, n = 88 DVD females